Start An Exercise Program After Leading A Somewhat...

Have you ever decided to start an exercise program after leading a somewhat sedentary lifestyle? If so, you probably have experienced the feeling of lactic acid build up. Consider an individual with no prior exercise experience who decides to train for a 5k foot race. On the first bout of exercise, the person performs a simple walk/run combination for 20 minutes. At the onset of the walk/run, the body does well; breathing is deep, effort is easy and pace is consistent. However, 5 minutes into the walk/run session, the individual perceives a noticeable difference in breathing, which has become shallow and fast paced. Five more minutes pass and subject is now quite winded and tenderness can be felt in the calf and lower back muscles. As the person continues to complete the 20 minute session, breathing becomes extremely labored and the exercise pace has slowed to a complete walk. Since the subject had no prior experience with exercise, the exertion level was likely higher than t he energy production and oxygen transportation within the body. At the time the person noticed labored breathing and muscle aches, the body was providing feedback to functioning in oxygen deficit, also commonly referred to as lactic acid build up or delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS.) DOMS is a more commonly used term because after exercise there is a delay anywhere from a few hours to a few days of soreness in the exercised muscles. Lactic acid build up occurs most often in untrainedShow MoreRelatedHealth: Heart Disease Essay example1398 Words   |  6 PagesHow much does my heart rate change after running in place for 10 minutes? Introduction The leading cause of death in the US is heart disease and the fourth leading cause of death in the US is stroke. Both are related to the heart. Both can be prevented (or at least somewhat alleviated) by engaging in exercise. Among the other leading causes of death is diabetes, which is related to being obese (and therefore sedentary). Exercise can reduce the chance of becoming diabetic and is also importantRead MoreNew Rochelle City Of New York City3398 Words   |  14 Pagesattractions. Although the majority of the population is within the ages of 45 to 49, the New Rochelle community accommodates to more of the high school and college crowd populations. Background History of New Rochelle New Rochelle is a city in recovery; after going through a time of collapse throughout the 1980s, it has been putting life back into its downtown and waterfront territories with a goal to enhance the quality of life for current and future residents. In an area packed with Native American, BritishRead MoreExercise Referral Foundation Course Assessment 2: Case Study Report13144 Words   |  53 PagesDavy Hulme 14 – 18th September 2009 Lecturer: Gavin Loze Exercise Referral Foundation Course Assessment 2: Case Study Report 1. Summary of the client details [pic] Additional Information BMI 29 BF 31% Weight 85kg Peak Flow 400 BMD 2.5 SD Norm (vertebrae, Wrist) TYPE 1 Osteoporosis Smoking (10 per day) decided to stop Sedentary lifestyle Poor diet Low self efficacy Low self esteem 2. MedicalRead MoreA Brief Note On Atherosclerosis And Its Effects On The Body2663 Words   |  11 Pagesrisk increases after age 45; while in women, the risk increases after age 55 (9). Additional risk factors from the ACSM are family history, smoking, obesity, sedentary life style, dyslipidemia, and prediabetes. These can all add up, making a person a greater risk candidate for developing atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease; It decreases the lumen size of blood vessels, which will ultimately decrease the amount of blood flow through the arteries. Making lifestyle changes or takingRead MoreCase Study in Nursing8060 Words   |  33 Pageshair  was typical of the male. Perhaps the lower extremities were somewhat delicate, resembling the female, and were covered with hair... The  penis  was curved posteriorly and measured 6 cm, or with stretching, 10 cm. The  corona  was 3 cm long and 8 cm in circumference. There was an ample  prepuce. There was a first grade  hypospadias... There were two folds of skin coming from the top of the penis and encircling it on either side. These were somewhat loose and resembled  labia majora.† De Crecchio then describedRead MoreCase Study Essay33967 Words   |  136 Pagesbig as tree trunks.† After further questioning, you learn she is strictly following the fluid and salt restriction ordered during her last hospital admission. She reports gaining 1 to 2 pounds every day since her discharge. 1. What error in teaching most likely occurred when M.G. was discharged 10 days ago? A breakdown of successful communication occurred regarding when to call with early weight gain. It is imperative that patients understand when to call their provider after being discharged fromRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 Pages...... 9 CTS provisions ................................................................................................................................. 9 Children’s and preschool children’s programs ............................................................................. 9 All C and P programs must be classified by ACMA prior to broadcast. ...................................... 9 Advertising directed to children...........................................................................Read Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesdevelopment. These reports, as well as many others, make clear that preschool children’s play and integrated learning are vital components of high-quality preschool programs. With the goal of ensuring that all preschools in California offer highquality programs, the California Department of Education collaborated with leading early childhood educators, researchers, advocates, and parents to develop Volume 2 of the preschool learning foundations. The foundations outline key knowl ­ edgeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesData Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWorkplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39

Essay Personal Interest - 2378 Words

Personal Interest I have been interested in the study of shy children and their inability to actively participate in a classroom environment since my youngest daughter, who is extremely shy, started kindergarten. I saw the difficulty that she faced in class because of her shyness and I became frustrated because I knew that her lack of self-confidence was affecting her ability to excel in school. Fortunately, we were able to work with her teachers and help her develop the self-confidence to eventually become an excellent student who is an active participant in her class. Because of my experience as a parent, I am very aware of the potential to overlook or mislabel shy students and have found myself†¦show more content†¦When called on in front of the class to answer a question, she would blush and stammer out an answer which often was incorrect. However, when she was questioned privately by the teacher, she was able to answer the same question correctly. During group activities, this student would be observed sitting on the edge of the group not participating. She had a great deal of difficulty talking in large groups; however, she was able to participate when working in a small group or with another student. She was well liked by her classmates and had many friends in the class. However, her shyness was having an adverse affect on her performance in the classroom. I felt that she was a good candidate to work with because she had noted several times to the teacher that it made her â€Å"nervous† to talk in front of t he class. For the purposes of this paper, she will be referred to as â€Å"Molly†. Literature Review There is a good deal of research written about children and shyness but the majority of it is geared towards parents. After much searching, I was able to find literature that linked shyness and education. All of my research comes from a variety of articles that I found on the internet. In the article, â€Å"Helping Young Children OvercomeShow MoreRelatedPersonal Interest1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe personal interest is an attitude which consists in pulling the best party of circumstances by compromising if need with the ethics principles and by acting only in his own interest to the detriment of others. Any action results from a motivation. If we harm others, it is from a motivation; and if we help others, it is also from a motivation. We say of an honest and ethical person that she is made lose interest whereas a interested† person is considered as deceitful and selfish. NeverthelessRead MorePersonal Views On Personal Interests1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe th ought of incorporating personal interests in traditional academic studies is certain to conjure images of an exciting and creative learning environment. These images can leave individuals with a different perception of what true academic structure may be. For American author Gerald Graff, re-developing traditional academic courses to attract personal learning styles is the best way to gain the interest of students and increase their ability to retain knowledge. In contrast, traditional educatorsRead MorePersonal Note On Personal Interest1863 Words   |  8 PagesApplication Essays: 1. Describe your interest in participating in Bike and Build. What is it about this opportunity that most excites you? What qualities will you bring to your team? What do you hope to get out of this experience? How do you envision this experience affecting your future? Some people are great at sports, some people are great at music; I am an amateur at that. I am a great volunteer. One of my favorite concepts in Judaism is â€Å"Tikkun Olam,† or â€Å"Repair the World.† In HebrewRead MorePersonal Interest Project2043 Words   |  9 Pagesinvestigated are the continuities or changes to social interaction between individuals, as well as the socialisation process and any variances to the process that may surface due to gender (my cross cultural element). This topic was developed from a genuine interest in the enculturation of individuals into contemporary Western society, and how this may differ negatively compared to more traditional methods of socialising with others, apparent in the previous pre-Facebook generations. To compliment my secondaryRead MorePersonal Statement On Entrepreneurial Interest1660 Words   |  7 Pages12-1a Entrepreneurial Interest My scores for this quiz were: yes-5, rarely-3, mostly-3, and no-5. I have never thought about starting my own business before, because I don’t know what I would start a business in. My significant other however, has mentioned wanting to start a body shop. So, as I completed this survey I thought more about him and how he should be the one to take this. I personally don’t think that I have the attitude, lifestyle, or behavioral patterns to be consistent with a successfulRead MoreRelationship Between Professional And Personal Interests Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesA conflict of interest is a difficult situation where decisions on a problem are faced with the issues of choosing between professional and personal interests for a person. In this assignment, I am faced with having to decide on what I should do regarding my relationship with another company after just being hired on to a construction company. When asked certain questions, I had some difficulty in deciding because of the possible outcome and people that are involved in my decision. For each of myRead MoreBackground And Personal Interest Of Occupational Therapy1348 Words   |  6 PagesEduardo Mendoza Pierce - 4 ERWC 24 November 2014 Introduction/Background and Personal Interest I’ve been interested in occupational therapy for a while now because of the fact that you are given the chance of helping others recover how to live. Also, but not the main reason why I am interested, OT’s make a decent living. Occupational therapy has been around since the 1900’s. It has made multiple changes to it’s principles for the benefit of others, and it’s own prestige. â€Å"The ‘Quality of life†Read MorePersonal Experience: My Interest in Tigres855 Words   |  3 PagesMy interest in tigers started when I was a young child. As a child, my favorite movie was â€Å"Winnie the Pooh.† My favorite character, Tigger, is a confident tiger who thinks highly of himself. He is extremely energetic, constantly bouncing on his tail. He acts quickly without thinking sometimes, risking his life. As a matter of fact, for my first, second, and third birthdays my parents bought me a Winnie the Pooh theme cake. I wasn’t aware th at several species of tigers were endangered until I startedRead MorePersonal Journal: My Musical Interests917 Words   |  4 PagesThe music in my Wordle reflects well the type of music I like as I think they show my varied interests. I don’t really listen to any local music which is sometimes something of a regret. While I was attending a wedding there was an amazing jazz singer there. I thought her music was just outstanding. But I forgot to get her name and now I can’t find any music by her. Another time I was at a restaurant and there was a great Jazz band there. But again I forgot to get any names and when I thoughtRead MoreChildren s Own Personal Interests2393 Words   |  10 PagesFurthermore, they are able to start exploring their own personal interests, and learn decision making, when being exposed to a variety of resources. This, in turn, gives the adult great insight into the child’s developing personality, learning their likes, dislikes and other personal interests. Story-telling and other forms of dramatic play not only help develop a child’s social skills, but also their emotional ones. It is common for young children to often act out circumstances that they may have

Diversity Is The Human Race - 886 Words

DIVERSITY PAPER Gay. Straight. Black. White. Male. Female. Wealthy. Poor. Modern society has systematically sorted the human race into collections and communities of descriptive factors. Deeply embedded within a systematical labeling system, diversity has fell victim to the harmful segregation and prejudice of the past. Diversity is not about the inferior nor the morally corrupt. Diversity is not the hallow substance of labels. Diversity is culture, pride, and heritage. To rural South Dakotans, diversity amongst the human race is rare. In the agricultural state I call home, variation lies not in the people but rather in the contrasting species of livestock and corn. Hailing from a town population of 3,025, any kind of knowledge about a social world beyond Hartford, South Dakota was limited. I set up my childhood moral system on a tainted blend of inaccurate perceptions and assumptions. A moral system which would ring true until I found myself as the diversity. I am my own diversity. I am the collection of the variant and the assortment of different. I am gay. To answer any impending questions which may be surrounding one’s head at the current time, just lean towards the answer no. While some individuals may be born with the innate sense of who they are, I was not. Unfortunately, my sense of childhood identity came not from deep self-reflection and soul searching, but rather a combination of my restricted experiences and limited knowledge of the social world. I was notShow MoreRelatedBeyond Race : Human Biological Diversity2476 Words   |  10 PagesTerm Paper: Beyond Race: Human Biological Diversity This investigation is an exploration into the Kotch and Chernofsky family history. In which the cultural and historical background of each ancestry will be examined. Additionally, this investigation will also examine the paternal genetic lineage of the Kotch Family. In which the genomic haplogroup will be expressed through ancestral analysis and migration patterns. The Mother of Ariel Kotch was born in 1967 in Queen NY, her name is Eva ChernofskyRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The World Has More Than 6 Billion People With A Diversity Of Human Races808 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination in the workplace The world has more than 6 billion people with a diversity of human races and colors. Even Though, by means of nature, people used to see each other as white, black, Hispanic, Asian, American, African, etc. As humans spread throughout the globe, they adapted to one of a kind dwelling conditions while genetic mutations introduced precise traits to the people. Likewise, the concept of race, a group of people with genetic and physical features that different from anotherRead MoreDiversity At A Young Age920 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity is a very common word used in today s society. There is a lot of different categories of diversity that a person can fall under. Diversity can be defined by different races, ethnicity, socioeconomics, disabilities, giftedness, gender, sexual orientation, and many more. A human being can fall under one of these categories or even more than one. In the world around us, everybody is different in their own way. Diversity plays a huge part in breaking certain people in different categoriesRead MoreRacial Diversity: A Strategy Toward Success Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesRacial diversity is the idea of having people of different backgrounds working together for one common foundation. While some may believe that racial diversity is a way to discriminate people but I think that racial diversity helps us in many ways, some are observable and some are imperceptible. I think that racial diversity is a good strategy, it also is a great way to learn about people of diverse cultures and how their principles can operate within one another. The most commonly ignored or unnoticedRead MoreThe Challenges Of Human Resource Management872 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact on human resource management. One of the greatest challenges that human resource management faces in terms of workplace globalization is workplace diversity. Diversity is the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : VARIETY; especially : the inclusion of differen t types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization programs intended to promote diversity in schools.( http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diversity) Human ResourceRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination And Discrimination910 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding race, color, national origin, gender, age, disability, religion and veteran status. Diversity can be defined in many ways, including diversity of thought, experiences, and backgrounds. Together, all three can contribute to a more welcoming. Affirmative action helps create a level playing field that gives everyone an equal opportunity to compete for a job and career. It ensures that no person is disadvantaged or treated unfairly during the hiring process because of their race, ethnicityRead MoreChampion equality, diversity and inclusion1712 Words   |  7 PagesChampion equality, diversity and inclusion          1.1 Explain the models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs ,culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all uniqueRead MoreRacism Racism1172 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Racism is real, race is not,† the author Adam Hochman argues that while racism is a very real and terrible system within our global society, the concept of race is not real and cannot be proven as such either biologically or socially speaking. Hochman states that though racism has emerged from the categorization of populations based upon physical attributes, race itself does not truly exist. Furthermore, he purports that race has no biological foundation; though most people believe race is biologicalRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Of Diversity923 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity is engagement across racial and ethnic lines consist of a broad and varied set of activities and initiative (Milem, Chang, and Antonio 2005). Diversity is about recognizing that each individual is unique and have differences. These differences include the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs or other ideologies. Diversity is meant to bring respect, understanding, and tolerance, acceptingRead MoreDiversity Within The Workplace : A Broad Definition Of Diversity855 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s organizations are being forced to embrace the relevancy of diversity in the growth of global positioning. The management of diversity has become time-sensitive in organizations and cannot focus on productivity alone. The treatment of employees and the business model of the organization will need to be the spotlight. â€Å"A broad definition of diversity ranges from personality and work style to all of the visible dimensions such as race, age, ethnicity or gender, to secondary influences such as religion

Capital Budgeting Techniques Like Net Present Value

Introduction The following paper analyzes a project from financial perspectives using the capital budgeting techniques like Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Background My dad has a textile business, involved in embroidery and painting of the fabric. I have been visiting my dad’s office complex and observing the whole process of clothes manufacture. The most important asset for the business is a large machine required for whole painting process. The existing machine with the business is in use from past 4 years and has to be discarded due to some operational issues. As a student of finance, I will analyze the option of replacing this machine with a new one. In analyzing various options from where to purchase the machine, I searched for various dealers, and compared the products with the prices they offered. I narrowed down the choice to one machine provided by Stihl Machinery Co., Ltd. But then dad’s financial manager, Mr. David Jones, asked me to reconsider the option. He suggested that the existing machine can still run for another 5 years and the new machine is also expected to work for just five years. Also, the price of the new ma chine is quite high so it is better to continue using the same old machine. On this argument, I decided to do a detailed analysis of the option to replace the old machine. Only after the financial analysis, I will decide and suggest whether to buy the new machine or not. Analysis and results The financial manager didShow MoreRelatedFin 571 Week 41710 Words   |  7 Pagesgood for them and can provide competitive advantage to the store. It has been clear that managers are responsible for the use of capital budgeting techniques to find out exclusive project. We have different types of capital budgeting techniques. These capital budgeting techniques are: 1-Simple Payback, and/or Discounted Payback 2-Net Present Value (NPV) 3-Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) The simple payback period: â€Å"We can define the simple payback period as theRead MoreCapital Budgeting Strategies841 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Budgeting Strategies University of Phoenix Strategic Financial Management FIN 486 Capital Budgeting Strategies Week Four of Strategic Financial Management discusses the chosen provided information for the proposal that concerns building a new factory and includes the incremental cash flows needed for the net present value, (NPV) analysis. The incremental cash flows identifies sales of $3 million a year that equals an increase in gross margin of $150,000 given a 5% gross margin andRead MoreCapital Budget Recommendation: Guillermo Furniture1001 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Budget Recommendation: Guillermo Furniture ACC/543 Monday October 8, 2009 YouKnew Abstract Guillermo Navallez is the owner of a successful furniture and manufacturing company located in Sonora, Mexico. Navallez’s establishment is known for its quality pieces, crafting a variety of chairs and tables from the abundant supply of timber in the area. In the late 1990’s, Navallez competitors became a real threat to the ongoing success of Guillermo’s Furniture and Manufacturing CompanyRead MoreVarious techniques of capital budgeting1202 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Management Subject: Various techniques of capital budgeting Capital budgeting is the process in which the company plans whether to purchase or do investment in certain projects or long term assets such as new machinery, equipment, new products, research and development etc. There are many techniques which can be use make decision more easy and reliable. For all of these techniques company need the incremental cash flows which will be generate from the investment or the project. Then theseRead MoreUniform Annual Equivalent (Uae) - a Capital Budgeting Method.971 Words   |  4 Pages- A Capital Budgeting Method. (The evaluation of two mutually exclusive projects with varying lives requires careful examination of the existence of the reinvestment opportunities at the end of the different economic lives of the projects. The current article deals with a method that may be adopted in situations wherein the level of investments, the life of the projects and cash inflows (or outflows) are unequal.) Risk is inherent in almost every business decisions. Capital budgeting beingRead MoreSuper Project1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Super Project The Super Project case mainly deals with the efficiency of project tool analysis in capital budgeting process. The three techniques that General Foods management used to determine whether Super Project was a worthwhile project were: †¢ Incremental basis †¢ Facilities-used basis †¢ Fully allocated facilities and costs basis The three techniques mentioned above will be discussed in more details in question 4 below. Questions: 1. What are the relevant cash flows for General FoodsRead MoreThe Factors Affecting Capital Budgeting7350 Words   |  29 PagesAbstract Capital budgeting is necessary for large, long term investment projects. However, determining what factors to use in the process can be difficult This research presents the most common procedures used in the capital budgeting process. It provides examples and discusses quantitative as well as qualitative factors in determining which projects to choose. Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting is a process used to determine whether long-term investments, such as capital improvements, researchRead MoreBudgeting and Forecasting 278 Midterm 20141600 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Budgeting and Forecasting 278 Midterm 2014 (TCO 1) The type of budget that is updated on a regular basis is known as a  _____.    Student Answer:   continuous budget      revised budget      updated budget      flexible budget TCO 2) The quantitative forecasting method that uses actual sales from recent time periods to predict future sales, assuming each period has equal influence on the prediction of future sales, is the  _____.    Student Answer:   moving average model      weighted moving averageRead MoreManagerial Economics in Coca Cola1185 Words   |  5 Pagescopital budgeting, which may be defined as decision making process by which organization evaluate the projects that include the purchase of major fixed assets such as machinary , building, and equipments. So there are two main catagories of selection of project, 1-Financial model 2-Non- financila model FINANCIAL METHODS: In financial maethod we determine the capital budget of the project. In capital budgeting following techniques are used, 1-Pay back period 2-Net present value 3-InternalRead MoreInternational Project Management1700 Words   |  7 Pagesagency role, project managers must ensure that the project is structured in such a way that it adds value to the company by delivering a positive return to the shareholders (Mahaney Lederer, 2003). This paper will outline some of the most important financial considerations that project managers should be aware of, and apply this knowledge real work project management practice. Budgeting The budgeting process is one of the most important for any project. The budget is critical to the projects internal

Online Banking Industry In Australia Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Online Banking Industry In Australia. Answer: Introduction Online banking industry in Australia is experiencing significant growth rate in the recent years. Especially, during the last few years, the business growth and the number of users of online banking companies have increased notably. Most importantly, the federal government of Australia has taken a strong initiative to go cashless in the money transaction process. Therefore, the federal government of Australia is trying to create a strong awareness among the common public regarding the use of online banking applications. The government is trying to go cashless within the year 2025. Therefore, the government is motivating the public and private banks across Australia to offer the online banking services to the common Australians. After this initiative, it has been identified that the percentage of the users of the online banking services has increased by 58 percent recently. This can be regarded as an impressive number. Prominent security, easy accessibility and user friendly approache s are the major reasons behind the selection of the online banking services by the users. This is also essential to state that the organizations within the Australian banking industry has significantly applied unique marketing, promotion and other differentiated strategies to make the online banking operation process successful. Aims and Objectives The major aim of this research work is to analyze and evaluate the growth of the e-banking industry in Australia. Moreover, the research paper will also analyze the impact of the growth of the Australian E-banking industry on the Australian economy. This particular research work will try to meet the developed objectives as follows: To analyze and evaluate the major reasons behind the impressive growth of the online banking industry. To analyze and evaluate the scope and future of the Australian online baking. To determine the impact of the performance of the online banking on the economic condition of Australia. Research Questions The researcher will address the developed research questions as follows: What are the major reasons behind the impressive growth of the online banking industry? What is the scope and future of the Australian online baking? What is the impact of the performance of the online banking on the economic condition of Australia? Literature Review It is already introduced that the Federal government of Australia is taking some notable initiatives to go cashless by the year 2025. This is acceptable that government of Australia is strongly focusing on the effective awareness programs in order to motivate the people to acknowledge and use the online banking option (Lubua, 2014). The organizations within the Australian banking industry are highly motivated by the government to offer online and e-banking services. Most importantly, this is also acceptable that the majority of the developing countries are also focusing on the online banking and cashless services to attain strong economic growth. In addition, this is also acceptable that the Australian federal government is being relied on the cashless money transaction services basis on the growing demand (Lunenberg, 2011). Reasons for Using Internet Banking There are several reasons behind the growth in the percentage of the users of the online banking services. First of all, the simplified and easy banking services introduced by the e-banking can be regarded as the major reason behind the growth in the percentage of the users. An users can easily transfer money to the bank account of others through the consideration of the e-banking services quite comfortably (Mishra et al., 2013). It is an effortless and time effective activity. In addition, the common individuals also can buy products through the online transaction and e-banking. In this process, the users do not require to use the debit or credit cards. In the business transaction process, e-banking platforms also have become an important medium. This is acceptable that the online transaction platforms are significantly used by the organizations in the B2B transaction process (Nair, 2014). In addition, this is also acceptable that the human resource managers of several organizations used to pay their salaries through the online transaction process in which the e-banking activities are being utilized (Oleary et al., 2011). Carrying liquid cash also has become a major problem for the common individuals as there is threat for the theft of money. Therefore, the consideration of the online money transaction process can be considered as a safe payment option. Apart from it, the users can send and receive funds at any point of time at any place (Savery, 2015). This is also can be considered as an important reason behind the use of the online banking services. It is also essential to state that the transfer of fund in the foreign markets has become easier and cost effective as well as time effective through the consideration of the online banking services. This is acceptable that the consideration of these particular services can improve the efficiency in the fund transfer activities in the foreign countries (Stahl et al., 2016). In the money transfer process, the higher efficiency in the cash flow is highly important. The time and cost efficiency in the online banking and e-banking money transfer activities can enhance speed and efficiency in the cash flow process, which is important for any kind of banking service (Singh and Hardaker, 2014). However, these are considered to be the major reasons behind the growth in the number of the users of online banking activities. E-Banking Services through Bank Websites It is acceptable that all the organizations within the Australian banking industry have focused on the offering of two important types of internet banking services. First of all, it can be stated that the organizational management of a bank used to offer the internet banking services through the physical bank system (Schmidt, 2015). On the other hand, this is also important to state that the banking organizations in Australia used to offer the e-banking services (Trkman, 2010). The e-banking services can be offered by the management of the organizations without any presence of the physical evidence of the banks. Most importantly, the websites of the banks used to offer efficient and customer friendly online banking services. This online banking service is comprised of four important basic factors, such as quick accessibility, speed, facilities and provident content. Hence, it is clear enough to accept that the organization within the Australian banking industry needs to adopt some im portant ways in the website development processes (Welch, 2012). The Australian banks are considering two important factors in the website development process. Majority of the Australian banks are focused on the development of the transactional website and information based website. The consideration of the transactional website used to focus on the transaction of money. On the other hand, this is also essential to state that the users and the target customers can get to know about the information about the e-banking services through the informational website (West et al., 2010). Security and Possible Risks for Online Transaction Apart from several advantages and benefits, this is acceptable that the online banking services can have different types of disadvantages, which can create ethical challenges. It has become an usual concern that the transactional websites of different banks are getting affected and controlled by different hackers across the globe (Bock, 2015). Hence, privacy and security related concerns can be considered as the major concerns for the banks (Doumps Zopounidis, 2010). Hacking of personal information, account information and data of the users can create several ethical challenges. First of all, the organizations can lose support from the important organizational stakeholders (Williams, 2012). Secondly, the organizations can face different types of challenges, such as loss of customers and poor business growth can affect the sustainability (Bossidy, 2008). In addition, this is also essential to accept that the contemporary firms can face different types of challenges regarding the failure of the technical or technological applications in the business operation process (Cheng et al., 2014). This is acceptable that the consideration of the lack of regularity in the reviewing and evaluating the technological applications can affect the efficiency. Overall, these are the major challenges and the risk factors (Hajdini, 2010). Drivers of Change and Future Scopes This is acceptable that the online banking services have become more common activity and affordable option for the common Australians. This is also acceptable that the Government of Australia is motivating the organizations within the Australian banking industry to focus on the digital and cashless transaction approaches. It is an important aspect to state that the majority of the organizations within the Australian banking industry are trying to offer differentiated and quality online banking services to the target customers basis on the ongoing demand (Guoli et al., 2017). In terms if the demand can be considered as the major driver for the change. In addition, efficiency and advancement in the online payment services, online networks, internet services and online devices can be considered as the major drivers of change (Ng and Rezaee, 2015). In terms of the future prospect, this is acceptable that the organization within the Australian banking industry needs to go for the better business growth through the continuation with the differentiated internet and e-banking activities (Klettner et al., 2014). Most importantly, the government is focusing on becoming cashless economy by the year 2025. Hence, the future prospect of the online e-banking services and activities are quite high (Mats Anderson, 2016). Research Plan and Methodology Research plan and methodology is considered to be the most vital part in a research work. It is acceptable that the researchers can adopt either the qualitative research methodology or the quantitative research methodology. The researchers used to select a particular methodological approach basis on the needs and characteristics of a research work. Qualitative research method focuses on the behavior, feelings, perception, thought process and emotion of the respondents. Quantitative research methodology depends upon the analysis of numerical figures through the application of statistical formulae and units. However, the researcher will select the qualitative research methodology in this research work basis on the exploratory nature of the research work. Research Approach In terms of research approach, the researcher will provide significant importance to the data collection process. There is a possibility of the application of either secondary data collection process or the primary data collection process. Secondary data collection process generally involves the collection of enormous number of required information and data from the valuable data sources. Primary data collection process generally involves in the collection of live and fresh data through field work. The researcher will adopt both the primary and secondary data collection process in this research work focusing on the advantages. Academic text books and journals will be considered as the secondary data collection sources. On the other hand, the open ended semi-structure interview process will be considered for the primary data collection process. Sampling Technique and Approaches In this research work, the researcher has adopted the simple random sampling approach. Most importantly, the researcher has approached to 50 bank employees regarding the interview questionnaire process. Among the 50 individuals, 40 individuals have stated that they are agreed to give response to the questionnaire. Hence, the sample size for this research work is 40. Data Analysis and Findings The researcher has asked five different questions based on the developed research objective and research question. In terms of first interview question, it has been identified from the responses that the 27 respondents out of the 40 respondents have replied that time efficiency is the major reason behind the growth of the online banking services across Australia. On the other hand, rests of the 13 respondents have replied that user friendly characteristics and features have motivated the customers of the bank to use the online banking services. In terms of the second interview question, it has been identified that 32 respondents have stated that the motivation by government is the major reason behind the growth of the e-banking services. On the other hand, 8 respondents have stated that the growing demand and popularity can be regarded as the major reason behind the growth of the e-banking service. In terms of the third question, it has been identified that the 35 individuals have accepted that the federal government of Australia will be successful in making Australia a cashless economy by the year 2025. However, rest of the five respondents has stated that it is difficult for the federal government of Australia to make the country 100 percent cashless economy. In terms of the fourth question, it has been identified that 23 respondents out of the 40 respondents have stated that the effective marketing and promotional activities are required for the banking organizations in Australia to promote the online banking services. It is also acceptable that the rest of the 17 individuals have stated that the there are other important programs and activities, which can improve the growth of the online banking activities. In terms of the last question, this can be stated that 36 individuals have stated that the growth of the online banking services will have a strong impact on the economic growth of the country. On the other hand, 4 individuals have stated that the growth in the online banking management approaches will not have a strong impact on the economic condition of Australia. Discussion It is already clear from the analysis that the majority of the respondents have shown their support for the effectiveness of the online banking services. This is acceptable that time efficiency approach is the major reason behind the growing acceptance of the online banking services by the customers. Similarly, the majority of the respondents have offered their responses by supporting the motivation and brand awareness approaches by government. In addition, this is also acceptable that majority of the respondents generally think that Australia has the capability to become a developed cashless economy by the year 2025. According to the respondents, the company management needs to consider strong awareness programs as it will ensure positive growth and brand image of the banks providing the online services. In the last few years the business growth and number of users of the online banking companies have increased notably. Most importantly, the federal government of Australia has taken a strong initiative to go cashless in the money transaction process. Therefore, the federal government of Australia is trying to create a strong awareness among the common public regarding the use of online banking applications. The government is trying to go cashless within the year 2025. Therefore, it is clear that the government motivation is a big success factor for the organizations within the Australian banking industry to offer the differentiated and quality online banking services. The e-banking services can be offered by the management of the organizations without any presence of the physical evidence of the banks. The higher efficiency in the cash flow is highly important. The time and cost efficiency in the online banking and e-banking money transfer activities can enhance speed and efficiency in the cash flow process, which is important for any kind of banking service. Hence, it is acceptable that the consideration of the effective time and cost efficiency are the major reasons behind this particular growth. Human resource managers of several organizations used to pay their salaries through the online transaction process in which the e-banking activities are being utilized. The simplified and easy banking services introduced by the e-banking can be regarded as the major reason behind the growth in the percentage of the users. A user can easily transfer money to the bank account of others through the consideration of the e-banking services quite comfortably. Hence, it can be stated that user friendly approaches are considered to be the major reasons behind the growth. There are several challenges of online banking activities, such as hacking of personal information, account information and data of the users can create several ethical challenges. First of all, the organizations can lose support from the important organizational stakeholders. Secondly, the organizations can face different types of challenges, such as loss of customers and poor business growth can affect the sustainability. The federal government needs to improve these particular approaches for better sustainability. Conclusion and Recommendations Australia has taken a strong initiative to go cashless in the money transaction process. Therefore, the federal government of Australia is trying to create a strong awareness among the common public regarding the use of online banking applications. The government of Australia is trying to go cashless within the year 2025. User friendly approaches are considered to be the major reasons behind the growth of the online banking services. Moreover, the consideration of effective time and cost efficiency are the major reasons behind this particular growth of the online banking approaches. There are several challenges of online banking activities, such as hacking of personal information, account information and data of the users can create several ethical challenges. First of all, the organizations can face different types of challenges, such as loss of customers and poor business growth can affect the sustainability. Secondly, the organizations can lose support from the important organizat ional stakeholders. Thbe following recommendation plans will assist to overcome the challenges. First of all, effective awareness program needs to be considered by the government and banking authority collaboratively. In addition, this is also acceptable that the consideration of the effective public relationship program will help the country to become a cashless economy. Lastly, this is also important for the banking authorities to tighten the security option. The inclusion of the strong and safe technological devices along with effective as well as advanced information communication technological devices will assist in effective and secure online banking services. References Bock, L. (2015). Work Rules. New York: Springer. Bossidy, L. (2008). Execution. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), pp.1-23. Doumpos, M., Zopounidis, C. (2010). A multicriteria decision support system for bank rating.Decision Support Systems,50(1), 55-63. Guoli, C., Heli, W., Shan, Z., Woodward Ian, C., Pisitta, V., Ilia, T., Alfred, M. and Marco, S., 2017. Search form. Review of Financial Studies. Hajdini, I. (2010). Innovation Management. New Jersey: Pearson. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), pp.145-165. Lubua, W. E. (2014). Cyber Crimes Incidents in Financial Institutions of Tanzania. International Journal of Computer Science and Business Informatics, 14(3), pp. 37-47. Lunenburg, F. (2011). Decision making in organizations. International journal of management, business, and administration, 15(1), pp. 1-9. Mats Andersson, A.P., Bolton, P., Herz, B., Rogers, J., Accounting, S., Eccles, R.G. and Youmans, T., 2016. APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 28(2), p.47. Mishra, P., Fahnoe, C. and Henriksen, D. (2013). Creativity, self-directed learning and the architecture of technology rich environments. TechTrends, 57(1), p. 10. Ng, C. A., and Rezaee, Z., 2015. Business Sustainability Performance and Cost of Equality Capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 34(1), pp. 128-149.Nair, U. (2014). Channeling Contemporary Ethical Practices. International Journal, 2(6), pp. 767-776. O'leary, M., Mortensen, M. and Woolley, A. (2011). Multiple team membership: A theoretical model of its effects on productivity and learning for individuals and teams in Ethics .Academy of Management Review, 36(3), pp. 461-478. Savery, J. (2015). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions. Essential readings in problem-based learning: Exploring and extending the legacy of Howard S. Barrows, 24(10), pp. 5-15. Schmidt, E. (2015). How Firms Work. Stamford: Cengage Learning. Singh, G. and Hardaker, G. (2014). Barriers and enablers to adoption and diffusion: A systematic review of the literaturea need for an integrative approach. International journal of information management, 56(2/3), pp. 105-121. Stahl, C. B., Timmermans, J., Flick, C. (2016). Ethics of Emerging Information and Communication Technologies: On the Implementation of Responsible Research and Innovation. Science and Public Policy, 44(3), pp. 369-381. Trkman, P. (2010). The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, 30(2), pp. 125-134. Welch, M. (2012). Appropriateness and acceptability: Ethical perspectives of Business communication.. Public Relations Review, 38(2), pp. 246-254. West, D., Grant, T., Gerush, M. and Dsilva, D. (2010). Agile development: Mainstream adoption has changed agility. Forrester Research, 2(1), p. 41. Williams, C. (2012). Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Modernisation of Trade Regulations and Policy

Question: Discuss about the Modernisation of Trade Regulations and Policy. Answer: Introduction The objective of this study is to analyse the historical development and controlling power of Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting countries (OPEC) in oil supply. OPEC is the cartel of major oil producing countries such as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Angola, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar and Venezuela. They act as a monopolist in the global oil market (Colgan, 2014). However, appearance of USA as a supplier of petroleum oil in the global market has reduced the monopoly power of OPEC significantly. This essay critically analyses rise and fall of OPEC power and market share over the years. History of the development of OPEC OPEC was founded during 1961 by five oil producing developing countries. Due to having monopoly power in the oil market, OPEC has the power to control oil price by altering supply of petroleum oil in the global market. Kilian Murphy (2014) mentioned that, in recent fall of crude oil price in global market, OPEC has important role. Emergence of other oil suppliers in the market has reduced the monopoly power of OPEC in the oil market. Hence, weakness of OPEC to control supply and demand factors made it behaving differently that what market expected. Saudi Arabia is an important member of OPEC. In the view of DiChristopher (2016), Saudi Arabia has significant share in oil supply in world market. In the face of falling price of oil in the world market, Saudi Arabia refused to reduce the supply of oil and manipulating the price. Acquiring power compared to other OPEC members was the main motive as viewed by the market analysts. The argument of Saudi Arabia was that it would not bear the burden of oil production cut alone, when the members are not ready to production cut. The rationale behind this decision is that production cut may increase the oil price and Saudi Arabia may lose the market share (Goldwyn, 2015). As stated by Mirchi et al. (2012), OPEC members played no significant role production or pricing of crude oil since oil discovery on Middle East. After formation of OPEC, most of the global oil demand was met by OPEC. With the increase in market power, the six Gulf members announced an increase in light crude oil price from $3.65 to $5.119 and further to $11.651 during same year (Fattouh, 2015). After 1980s, OPEC started to face competitive pressure due to increase in non-OPEC supply. The non-OPEC countries like Soviet union, Mexico and North Sea set their own price. As a result, share of OPEC in total oil production globally has reduced from 52% in 1973 to less than30% during 1985 (theweek.co.uk, 2016). It indicates that entry of other oil producing country in the market has reduced the market share of the OPEC. Fall in market share reduces the power of price determination in the international crude oil market. Causes of decreasing share of OPEC During 2004 Vienna convention, OPECs oil minister faced several issues regarding market dynamics. OPEC is facing lower demand for crude oil due to availability of alternative renewable resources supplied by other countries. Therefore, OPEC has been suffering from the policy dilemma that how the oil producers having large upfront investment capacities, should react to the market dynamics. There has been policy dilemma regarding short term or long term development. High oil price has predominantly remained in the market due to long positions of the market speculators. Policy dilemma, structural problem and, several supply side bottlenecks affected the profitability of OPEC countries. Colgan (2014) argued that Japan has important role in decrease in oil demand from OPEC. Japan was an important importer of oil from the OPEC countries. However, overtime demand from Japan for gasoline oil has been decreased significantly. Figure 1: Decrease in oil demand from OPEC globally (Source: Fattouh, 2015) Among the OPEC member countries, Saudi Arabia played an impotent role to administer supply and pricing. Net back pricing system was adopted by Saudi Arabia resulted in price collapse during 1986. After 1986, the current market related oil pricing started in the competitive dynamics. Kilian Murphy (2014) cited that political rivalries among the OPEC member countries have been detrimental in fulfilling agreements regarding production cut and price stabilisation policy. Success of the cartel depends on the collaborative decision making. Among the member countries, Saudi Arabia is the rising power has limited the power of OPEC. Figure 2: Oil production of Saudi Arabia (Source: Fattouh, 2015) Saudi Arabia has recently decided to cut oil prices for exporting oil to the Asian countries violating the commitment to OPEC. In the view of Mirchi et al. (2012), the motive behind this decision is to grab market share from the regional rival Iran. However, Faucon (2016) argued that OPEC is likely to regain its power due to shrinking output in US and investment cut in many new projects. These two effects can reduce global oil supply less than its demand in 2017. Conclusion OPEC follows the role of cartel, whose objective is to hold the market power to supply crude oil and determining prices. Before 1980, most of the countries relied on OPEC for importing oil. Hence, OPEC had a monopoly power in the market to control demand and supply in the market. However, discovery of oil field in the non OPEC countries has reduced the share of OPEC in global market. Decision dilemma, rivalry among the member countries, lack of investment are the major causes of falling share of OPEC. Moreover, Saudi Arabias reluctance to respond market situation such as price volatility as per commitment to OPEC has negative influence on the regulatory power of OPEC. References Colgan, J. D. (2014). The emperor has no clothes: The limits of OPEC in the global oil market.International Organization,68(03), 599-632. DiChristopher, T. (2016). Saudi oil price cuts fly in the face of deal to limit OPEC output. CNBC. Retrieved 9 November 2016, from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/06/saudi-oil-price-cuts-fly-in-the-face-of-deal-to-limit-opec-output.html Fattouh, B. (2015). Current Oil Market Dynamics and the Role of OPEC. oxfordenergy.org. Retrieved 9 November 2016, from https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Current-Oil-Market-Dynamics-and-the-Role-of-OPEC-Reflections-on-Robert-Mabros-Work.pdf Faucon, B. (2016). OPEC Sees Rival Oil Production Declining as Markets Rebalance. WSJ. Retrieved 9 November 2016, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/opec-sees-rival-oil-production-declining-as-markets-rebalance-1463135728 Goldwyn, D. (2015). Heres Why Saudi Arabia Has Let Oil Prices Falland Why They Could Revive by Years End. Atlantic Council. Retrieved 14 November 2016, from https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/heres-why-saudi-arabia-has-let-oil-prices-fall-and-why-they-could-revive-by-years-end Kilian, L., Murphy, D. P. (2014). The role of inventories and speculative trading in the global market for crude oil.Journal of Applied Econometrics,29(3), 454-478. Mirchi, A., Hadian, S., Madani, K., Rouhani, O. M., Rouhani, A. M. (2012). World energy balance outlook and OPEC production capacity: implications for global oil security.Energies,5(8), 2626-2651. theweek.co.uk. (2016) Will the oil price return to $26 if Opec deal fails?. (2016). Retrieved 9 November 2016, from https://www.theweek.co.uk/oil-price/60838/oil-price-rebounds-after-worst-trading-week-in-11-months